Hidden Input

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It does exactly what it sounds like: it allows for an input which is hidden from the user.

Why have hidden input?

The simple answer is

to pass information to the CGI program which does not and should not change, but is for some reason important.
Plenty of examples to come.

Hidden input is specified via hidden value to type attribute. For example:

   <INPUT type="hidden" name="sendTo" 
          value="dave@cs.cf.ac.uk">

dave@cs.cf.ac.uk