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Represent knowledge as formal logic:
All dogs have tails
: dog(x) 
hasatail(x)
Advantages:
- A set of strict rules.
- Can be used to derive more facts.
- Truths of new statements can be verified.
- Guaranteed correctness.
- Many inference procedures available to in implement standard rules of
logic.
- Popular in AI systems. e.g Automated theorem proving.